Deconstructive Analysis on the Characterization of Nils Krogstad
(a play of Henrik Ibsen “A Doll’s House” – 1879)
Written by Zubaidi
A student of Semarang State University
Literary works are divided into fiction and non-fiction. Fiction then is divided into some kinds. They are; poetry, novel, prose, short story, and drama or play. Each f them has special characteristic in its form. Poetry for example, it is concern with lyrics and stanzas, novel and short story are in form of paragraphs, while a play is more special one because most of its form is written in a form of dialogue. The other characteristic of a play is it is written not only to be read, but also to be performed by actors before audiences.
The elements of play are similar with other fiction’s elements. They are; theme, plot, setting, character, point of view, style, mood and tone, etc. If we are talking about a play, it is impossible to discuss only one elements of it because those elements are kinds of structure which relate each other as a totality bigger structure. Even, the meaning of a play will not be achieved if we do not pay attention to all of the elements that structured the play itself.
In this essay, I will not discuss about all elements of the play entitled “A Doll’s House”, but I will try to expose one of the characters within it. The focus will concern toward Nils Krogstad, a character that play a role as antagonist. I will deconstruct the character as people will be sure that he is certainly is a bad character. In this analysis I will try to show whether it is right or wrong.
Character
There are people and things in a story. Things are included because we often find the characters in the form of animals, plants, or even strange creatures. Roberts (1969:11-12) defines character in literature as the author’s creation, through the medium of words or personality and consistent with it.
The characters in a story (including a play) can be divided into two groups. Koesnobroto (1988:67) says that in the basis of importance, we can distinguish two types of characters, main or major character and minor character. Major character is the most important character in a story, while minor character is character of less important than those of the main character.
Character may be delineated in four ways. First, character is delineated by appearance. The actor physical qualities give an immediate stimulus to the audiences. A playwright sometimes has a specific image in describing the character’s appearance in considerable detail. The second, character is revealed by speech. The kind of language employed by the person, his manner of speaking can reflect the characterization of him. Third, character is reflected by action, while the fourth is concern with what others say about him.
Characters on “A doll’s House”
Major Characters
Major characters are those who play important role in the play. In the play A Doll’s House, there can be found five major characters. They are Torvald Helmer, Nora, DR. Rank, Mrs. Linde, and Nils Krogstad.
1) Torvald Helmer
He is Nora’s husband. He works as a lawyer and then change into a manager of a bank. He loves his wife very much, even that he knows his wife is a spendthrift.
“very well. But now, tell me, you little spendthrift, what do you want for Cristmast?”
2) Nora
She is Torvald’s wife. She is very kind to everyone, loves her husband and children, a very charming woman, but a spendthrift.
“yes, yes, off course I will. But come over here, I want to show you everything I’ve bought. And so cheaply!
Look, here are new clothes for Ivar- and a sword. And a horse and a trumpet for a Bob. And a doll and a candle for Emmie- they are nothing much, but she will pull them apart in a few days. And some bits of material and handkerchiefs for the maids. Old Anne-Marie ought to have had something better, really.”
3) DR. Rank
He is an old doctor. He is a best friend of Nora and Helmer. He usually visits them everyday. As he become a best friend for them, Nora usually talks much about her old friend to him that her husband does not want to hear it. He is very close to them.
4) Mrs. Linde
She is Nora’s old friend. She is a widower. She comes to the town where Nora is living in for seeking a job. When she told about it to Nora, then Nora asked her husband to look for a job for Mrs. Linde. He will get a job in a bank where Helmer becomes a manager ther to change the position of Krogstad as Helmer would like to kick him off the job for doing a crime there.
5) Nils Krogstad
He is an old friend of Helmer. He works in a minor position in a bank where Helmer becomes a manager there. He will be hired from his job because he does a crime, a conspiration with Nora. He struggle for his job very much.
Minor Characters
There are six minor characters in the play A Doll’s House. They are Helmer’s three children, Helen. Anne-Marie, and a porter.
1) Three of the minor characters are Helmer’s children. They are Emmie, Bob, and Ivar.
2) Helen
She is a maid in Helmer’s house.
3) Anne-Marie
She is an old nurse working in to care helmer’s children.
4) A Porter
He is a porter which only stated in the beginning of the play helping Nora to carry her stuff from shopping.
Characterization of Nils Krogstad
1) He is morally sick
(act one)
Rank: “you bet I do. However miserable. I sometimes feel, I still want to go on being tortured for as long as possible. It’s the same with all my patients; and with people who are morally sick, too. There is a moral cripple in with Helmer at this moment.”
Mrs. Linde: (softly). “Oh!”
Rank: “oh, a lawyer fellow Krogstad- you wouldn’t know him. He is crippled all rights; morally twisted. But even he started off by announcing, as though it were a matter of enormous importance, thet he had to live.”
2) A good struggling man for his right
Krogstad: (more controlled) “now, listen to e, Mrs. Helmer. If I am forced to I shall fight for my little job at the bank as I would fight for my life.”
3) He is sly
Krogstad: (changes his tone) “Mrs. Helmer, will you have kindness to use your influence on my behalf?”
4) He is a liar
Helmer:”men often succeed in re-establishing themselves if they admit their crime and take their punishment.”
Nora:”Punishment?”
Helmer:”but Krogstad didn’t do that. He chose to try and trick his way out of it; and that’s what has morally destroyed him.”
5) He is a humble man
Nora:”I’ve learned more than you could ever teach me.”
Krogstad:”yes, a bad lawyer like me.”
6) Ambitious man
“I’ll tell you. I want to get on my feet again, Mrs. Helmer. I want to get to the top. And your husband is going to help me. For eighteen months now my record’s been clean. I’ve been in hard straits all that times; I was content to fight my way back inch by inch. Now I’ve been chucked back into the mud, and I’m not going to be satisfied with just getting my job. I’m going to get to the top, I tell you. I’m going to get back into the bank, and it’s going to get back into the bank, and it’s going to be higher up. Your husband’s going to create a new job for me.”
Nora:”he’l never do that!”
Krogstad:”oh, yes he will. I know him. He won’t dare to risk a scandal. And once I’m in there with him, you will see! Within a year I’ll be his right-hand man. It’ll be Nils Krogstad who’ll be running that bank, not Torvald Helmer.”
7) An over-careful man
“and life has taught me to distrust fine words.”
8) He is a threatener
“have you forgotten that then your reputation will be in my hands? Well, I’ve warned you. Don’t do anything silly. When Helmer read my letter, he’ll get in touch with me. And remember, it’s your husband who forced me to act like this. And for that ‘ll never forgive him. Goodbye, Mrs. Helmer.”
Deconstructive Analysis on the Character Nils Krogstad
The play deals with the opposition of the good and bad characterization of Nils Krogstad. As we see that he role as antagonist in the play. After pay attention to his characterization, we find that he is a bad man rather than a good man for his bad characteristics are much more than the good side.
He is an ambitious man, liar, sly, and morally sick. And the most bad side of him is when he threatened Mrs. Helmer with a letter of their conspiration that finally made Mrs. Helmer went away from Mr. Helmer and her children. That he does that seems to because of the condition in which he is forced to do. He does not intend to do that. But since the crime that he does to help mrs. Helmer will make him will be fired from his job, he try to struggle and defense his self.
“have you forgotten that then your reputation will be in my hands? Well, I’ve warned you. Don’t do anything silly. When Helmer read my letter, he’ll get in touch with me. And remember, it’s your husband who forced me to act like this. And for that ‘ll never forgive him. Goodbye, Mrs. Helmer.”
The main thing here is his threat to Mrs. Helmer. But, before we discuss that, it is stated that he is also an ambitious man. In the fact it is not as bad as people think because he behaves like that because as his children grows up he want to be in respectable position. It is common for a dad to be a respectable man in order to his children will also behave to be a respectable man. Because his position in a bank is a minor, he has prepared it as well as possible for about eighteen months and his record is well till he do a crime by helping Mrs. Helmer to borrow money as signed by her father, but because her father had died and the signature is not her dad, but she does, it become a problem of being hired Nils from the bank.
He want to get respectable position by promotion, but it is impossible since the crime happened. So he tries to threat Mrs. Helmer in order to help him so that her husband will not kick him off the bank. It is not fault since he does the crime with motivation to help Mrs. Helmer that at the time she need money to rescue her husband to go to Italy for recovery from his very worst ill. So, we can say that he does the crime not forhis self, but for other who needs his help. Is it a crime? I don’t think so. It is such kind of he becomes a victim of birocration that does not see the motive, but only see it is as a crime. If we take a look at a thief who steal stuffs to give food to his starving family, is it a crime? certainly not. But if we take the case to the court (birocration) it keeps become a crime and the thief should be tke into the jail.
The character of Nils is also stated that he is an ambitious. If we look at what he has done, off course because he want to get a promotion he will keep his record working in the bank as clean as possible and does not want to help Mrs. Helmer. Because an ambitious person usually behaves as selfish person. In the fact, he is not a selfish and wants to help Mrs. Helmer even though in the time goes by it will threat him to e hired from the job.
The play seems to state Nilsas a bad character an role as antagonist, but if we look at his motifs to do the crime is not for his self rather to help other who needs his help, we cannot say that he is a bad person. He is a good person.
Everybody was born with the good side and bad side. However, the good wins over the bad. In this case, the bad side of Nis has defeated his good side. But he does it because of the condition and situation which force him t do so. Sometimes the situation does not tolerate to ourselves.
Te other fact to show Nils’ goodness is actually he works as a clerk, then a lawyer and finally a minor position in the bank. He want to get respectable position in the bank is because of he does it for his family as he is a single parent who earning living for his children. So, he is a good father. A responsible father.
In the last paragraph I ask you to see somebody not only by his appearance or his behaving, but let’s take a deeper look at him what his motives to behaving like that. The deconstructive analysis of Nils prove that he is not bad man. He is a good man. He does a crime a s he becomes a victim of hierarchy of law which seems does not care about feeling in right thing. Helping other show that Nils is not a selfish person.
That is the analysis by using deconstruction approach. Thank you.
Selasa, 31 Agustus 2010
analisis dengan metode strukturalisme
Desire under the Elm
what kind of structure can we found on the play?
Structurulism approach toward Desire Under the Elms.
To come to the meaning of any literary work, we need a tool for doing analysis of the text. There some tools or approaches can be used to find the meaning of literary works. one example is expressivism which concerns on author’s biography. Then formalism, structuralism, feminism, psychology, reader’s response, sociology etc also are used to analyzing literary works. In this analysis I will use structuralism to come to the meaning o desire under the elm by Eugenne O’neill . I choose this analysis because there some good aspect in using structuralism. Structuralism approach seems more interesting since it only use the literary text as the main source to find the meaning.
Structuralisms avoid mimetic theory which places a literary works as ultimate reality. This approach also avoid the expressivism theory which see the literary works as reflection of author’s personality and feeling, and avoid that literary works is a medium of communication between author and reader. It can be said that structuralism try to do literary research otonomically.
The structure of literature is similar to the structure of language. Like language, literature is a self-enclosed system of rules that is composed of language. And also like language, literature needs no outside referent but its own rule-governed but socially constrained system (Bressler:1998). A literary text is a like a structure which contains so many sub-structure that has each function, but totally the function is related one anther that build a meaning. The analysis will consider all of sub-structure in the text and try to find the meaning in totality. The totality here has been governed by the rule or system in language.
Because of the literary works is the only and main source in finding meaning, the other aspect outside literature is not to be talked or considered. The researcher only concern with the literature itself in order to can gain objectivity in the analysis. The focus on literary text will make th researcher to analyze all structure or component of the literature. The subjectivity of researcher like the feeling of like or dislike towards the story or author must be avoided.
So it will raise a question here about what are the structures of literature itself? If we analyze poem, we ill find the structures within that must be considered are diction, connotation, imagery, figurative language, rhetoric. In prose, they are characters, setting, point of view, theme, and plot. In drama or play, we will consider the dialogue, character, plot, and theme.
In this analysis of a play Desire under the Elms, it will be discussed about the elements of the play like characters, theme, dialogue, plot, etc as a totality. It means that those elements have a function as one structure, a play.
*************
Synopsis
The play entitled ‘Desire under the Elms’ is about an old man, Ebraim Cabot who has a farm and three sons. He married first wife and had two sons, Simeone and Peter. His wife died because he treated her to overwork. He married again and has a son, Eben. His wife died again and he went from house. In the house lived his three sons. He comes back home with bringing his new wife, Abbie. Peter and Simeone went for their desire of gold in California. Eben wants to inherit the farm after his father’s death. When he knows his father has married again he proposed his two brother to sign away their right to the farm to him and he gives 300$ for each. Old Cabot come home with Abbie and live in the house. Abbie and Eben become attracted each other. They were making love behind Cabot. They have a child, but because of the child caused Cabot to give his farm to the child as he believes that the child is his. Eben and Abbie try to do infanticide. The irony is that Abbie murdered the child for Eben and Eben imputes altogether different motives to her and misunderstands her love. When Cabot awakes Abbie tells Cabot the child is not his but Eben’s. Ultimately Sheriff arrives and then Eben realizes her love and confesses to the Sheriff his share in the crime and both are taken away, kissing and embracing. Old Cabot is then destined to live and work loneliness on the unlucky farm.
**************
Analysis
In the play we see that most of the characters are greedy. We can see through the central point which becomes the stuff that all characters want to own. It is the farm. The farm becomes the central point, even the theme of the play that will turn to GREED. Before talking about any symbols, codes or signs in the play let’s pay attention to the central character EBEN. He in the family is the youngest son. In the story stated about an inharmoniously family life. Just imagine that Cabot has married twice and both of his wife dead because of his hardly treat to overwork to his wife.
He got two sons from first wife and a son from second wife. The inharmonious life become very obvious as all of his three sons are really hate him and wish his death comes soon. It is also supported by the setting of the play in ungodly looking house.
Exterior of the Farmhouse. It is sunset of a day at the beginning of summer in the year 1850. There is no wind and everything is still. The sky above the roof is suffused with deep colors, the green of the elms glows, but the house is in shadow, seeming pale and washed out by contrast.
The setting of the house really supports the appearance of inharmoniously life of the owner. In shadow seems to be in unclear condition. This condition is what they are facing, being hate each other among dad and sons. The setting has function which is to show reader about how their life in the family is really unhappy. By reading the first narration in the front of the play will turn the reader to see about sadness and loneliness because of the appearance of the house.
The theme ‘greed’ as a central theme is built by many motifs or sub themes that finally become a unity as they have relation each other and functioned to support the central theme. In the inharmoniously life in the family will make each character to look for their happiness by themselves. All characters become so individually to seek it and even they are competing each other as if they are not a family. just look at Eben, that declares the farm is his, while his brothers have no right for it.
--(jumping to his feet) Ye've no right! She wa'n't yewr Maw! It was her farm! Didn't he steal it from her? She's dead. It's my farm.
When Eben said that, the two brothers of course admit that they also have right of the farm, as stated in this dialogue:
SIMEON--(after a pause) We've a right.
PETER--Two thirds belongs t' us.
The ironic is found here since Peter and Simeone do not try as hard as Eben to own the farm as if they only place the farm only as inheritance from father to his son. So the greed for farm is only showed by Eben, Cabot and his last wife, Abbie.it becomes irony because usually the struggle to obtain the inheritance in a family happen among the child, but I this play it seem unnatural since the father also want to have the wealth till he die and not allow anyone to have it. The greed of other brothers, we can see that Simeone and Peter also show their greed as they want to go to California for searching gold. Gold, here means about wealth.
The two characters, Simeone and Peter as if have role to attract reader or viewer to conclude that they only characters which make Eben’s desire to have the farm raises. And after they go, there is no any story again related with them. It become strange since they also a part of the family, but the story only focuse on Eben that finally do revenge for his mom against his dad by making affairs to his step mom, Abbie.
Abbie, as new comer in the family seems to be avoided by all sons. But since Simeone and Peter went to California, the avoiding of her is only done by Eben. It is common as a relationship between step mother and child always difficult to be gained. The child will always avoid the step mother except the step mother is very good and treat the child as her own, but Abbie here is not. She places herself to be enemy because of her greed for having the wealth of Cabot.
The same mission of Eben to do revenge to his dad for treating bad his mom and Abbie’s mission that she marry only for wealth, not for loving Cabot raises bad action that they make affairs and having a child. What they have done seem to be a reward for Cabot as he treated his wife and sons hardly in this life. It is natural that a good thing will be rewarded by good deeds and bad things by bad deeds. Finally, Old Cabot lives lonely.
But in this story seems that the author do not want to show about good or bad thing and its reward, because all characters seem to have bad behavior. The concentration is turned into Greed again that what Eben and Abbie have done is as motif of their greed towards farm.
The old Cabot seems fit as a central character which relates one character and other since his position is as a head of the family. He is a very hard worker, but why does he not know the affairs of his wife with Eben? It shows that he is like a workaholic and do not pay attention much to his family. It is a motif again which make inharmonious life in the family.
The other element that has function in building the story is the symbols on the play. First, The Elms symbolizes the spirit of Eben’s mom that still lives in the house as if Eben always feels that his mom is really near with him and make Eben always struggles for the farm that the farm for he believes it is his mother’s.
The land (farm) is placed as the only wealth which make the farmer proud. That is why all of the characters want to have the farm. Being farmers is their livelihood and a source of pride to the farmer the land is tangible, while emotions and personal relationships may seem immaterial. Throughout history, land has been a source of greed and power in many civilizations, and it can create social status, as it is a limited commodity.
*****************
That is the analysis using structuralism that make every element of the play relates each other and make totality meaning for the literary works.
.
what kind of structure can we found on the play?
Structurulism approach toward Desire Under the Elms.
To come to the meaning of any literary work, we need a tool for doing analysis of the text. There some tools or approaches can be used to find the meaning of literary works. one example is expressivism which concerns on author’s biography. Then formalism, structuralism, feminism, psychology, reader’s response, sociology etc also are used to analyzing literary works. In this analysis I will use structuralism to come to the meaning o desire under the elm by Eugenne O’neill . I choose this analysis because there some good aspect in using structuralism. Structuralism approach seems more interesting since it only use the literary text as the main source to find the meaning.
Structuralisms avoid mimetic theory which places a literary works as ultimate reality. This approach also avoid the expressivism theory which see the literary works as reflection of author’s personality and feeling, and avoid that literary works is a medium of communication between author and reader. It can be said that structuralism try to do literary research otonomically.
The structure of literature is similar to the structure of language. Like language, literature is a self-enclosed system of rules that is composed of language. And also like language, literature needs no outside referent but its own rule-governed but socially constrained system (Bressler:1998). A literary text is a like a structure which contains so many sub-structure that has each function, but totally the function is related one anther that build a meaning. The analysis will consider all of sub-structure in the text and try to find the meaning in totality. The totality here has been governed by the rule or system in language.
Because of the literary works is the only and main source in finding meaning, the other aspect outside literature is not to be talked or considered. The researcher only concern with the literature itself in order to can gain objectivity in the analysis. The focus on literary text will make th researcher to analyze all structure or component of the literature. The subjectivity of researcher like the feeling of like or dislike towards the story or author must be avoided.
So it will raise a question here about what are the structures of literature itself? If we analyze poem, we ill find the structures within that must be considered are diction, connotation, imagery, figurative language, rhetoric. In prose, they are characters, setting, point of view, theme, and plot. In drama or play, we will consider the dialogue, character, plot, and theme.
In this analysis of a play Desire under the Elms, it will be discussed about the elements of the play like characters, theme, dialogue, plot, etc as a totality. It means that those elements have a function as one structure, a play.
*************
Synopsis
The play entitled ‘Desire under the Elms’ is about an old man, Ebraim Cabot who has a farm and three sons. He married first wife and had two sons, Simeone and Peter. His wife died because he treated her to overwork. He married again and has a son, Eben. His wife died again and he went from house. In the house lived his three sons. He comes back home with bringing his new wife, Abbie. Peter and Simeone went for their desire of gold in California. Eben wants to inherit the farm after his father’s death. When he knows his father has married again he proposed his two brother to sign away their right to the farm to him and he gives 300$ for each. Old Cabot come home with Abbie and live in the house. Abbie and Eben become attracted each other. They were making love behind Cabot. They have a child, but because of the child caused Cabot to give his farm to the child as he believes that the child is his. Eben and Abbie try to do infanticide. The irony is that Abbie murdered the child for Eben and Eben imputes altogether different motives to her and misunderstands her love. When Cabot awakes Abbie tells Cabot the child is not his but Eben’s. Ultimately Sheriff arrives and then Eben realizes her love and confesses to the Sheriff his share in the crime and both are taken away, kissing and embracing. Old Cabot is then destined to live and work loneliness on the unlucky farm.
**************
Analysis
In the play we see that most of the characters are greedy. We can see through the central point which becomes the stuff that all characters want to own. It is the farm. The farm becomes the central point, even the theme of the play that will turn to GREED. Before talking about any symbols, codes or signs in the play let’s pay attention to the central character EBEN. He in the family is the youngest son. In the story stated about an inharmoniously family life. Just imagine that Cabot has married twice and both of his wife dead because of his hardly treat to overwork to his wife.
He got two sons from first wife and a son from second wife. The inharmonious life become very obvious as all of his three sons are really hate him and wish his death comes soon. It is also supported by the setting of the play in ungodly looking house.
Exterior of the Farmhouse. It is sunset of a day at the beginning of summer in the year 1850. There is no wind and everything is still. The sky above the roof is suffused with deep colors, the green of the elms glows, but the house is in shadow, seeming pale and washed out by contrast.
The setting of the house really supports the appearance of inharmoniously life of the owner. In shadow seems to be in unclear condition. This condition is what they are facing, being hate each other among dad and sons. The setting has function which is to show reader about how their life in the family is really unhappy. By reading the first narration in the front of the play will turn the reader to see about sadness and loneliness because of the appearance of the house.
The theme ‘greed’ as a central theme is built by many motifs or sub themes that finally become a unity as they have relation each other and functioned to support the central theme. In the inharmoniously life in the family will make each character to look for their happiness by themselves. All characters become so individually to seek it and even they are competing each other as if they are not a family. just look at Eben, that declares the farm is his, while his brothers have no right for it.
--(jumping to his feet) Ye've no right! She wa'n't yewr Maw! It was her farm! Didn't he steal it from her? She's dead. It's my farm.
When Eben said that, the two brothers of course admit that they also have right of the farm, as stated in this dialogue:
SIMEON--(after a pause) We've a right.
PETER--Two thirds belongs t' us.
The ironic is found here since Peter and Simeone do not try as hard as Eben to own the farm as if they only place the farm only as inheritance from father to his son. So the greed for farm is only showed by Eben, Cabot and his last wife, Abbie.it becomes irony because usually the struggle to obtain the inheritance in a family happen among the child, but I this play it seem unnatural since the father also want to have the wealth till he die and not allow anyone to have it. The greed of other brothers, we can see that Simeone and Peter also show their greed as they want to go to California for searching gold. Gold, here means about wealth.
The two characters, Simeone and Peter as if have role to attract reader or viewer to conclude that they only characters which make Eben’s desire to have the farm raises. And after they go, there is no any story again related with them. It become strange since they also a part of the family, but the story only focuse on Eben that finally do revenge for his mom against his dad by making affairs to his step mom, Abbie.
Abbie, as new comer in the family seems to be avoided by all sons. But since Simeone and Peter went to California, the avoiding of her is only done by Eben. It is common as a relationship between step mother and child always difficult to be gained. The child will always avoid the step mother except the step mother is very good and treat the child as her own, but Abbie here is not. She places herself to be enemy because of her greed for having the wealth of Cabot.
The same mission of Eben to do revenge to his dad for treating bad his mom and Abbie’s mission that she marry only for wealth, not for loving Cabot raises bad action that they make affairs and having a child. What they have done seem to be a reward for Cabot as he treated his wife and sons hardly in this life. It is natural that a good thing will be rewarded by good deeds and bad things by bad deeds. Finally, Old Cabot lives lonely.
But in this story seems that the author do not want to show about good or bad thing and its reward, because all characters seem to have bad behavior. The concentration is turned into Greed again that what Eben and Abbie have done is as motif of their greed towards farm.
The old Cabot seems fit as a central character which relates one character and other since his position is as a head of the family. He is a very hard worker, but why does he not know the affairs of his wife with Eben? It shows that he is like a workaholic and do not pay attention much to his family. It is a motif again which make inharmonious life in the family.
The other element that has function in building the story is the symbols on the play. First, The Elms symbolizes the spirit of Eben’s mom that still lives in the house as if Eben always feels that his mom is really near with him and make Eben always struggles for the farm that the farm for he believes it is his mother’s.
The land (farm) is placed as the only wealth which make the farmer proud. That is why all of the characters want to have the farm. Being farmers is their livelihood and a source of pride to the farmer the land is tangible, while emotions and personal relationships may seem immaterial. Throughout history, land has been a source of greed and power in many civilizations, and it can create social status, as it is a limited commodity.
*****************
That is the analysis using structuralism that make every element of the play relates each other and make totality meaning for the literary works.
.
american's naturalism of literature
Crane’s Humorous Style in ‘A Dark brown Dog’
Study about Naturalism
Introduction
That americans’ writer consist of so many kinds style and theme concern in their writing, it is very interesting to study literary text not only as thing to be enjoyed, but also to see the society of the works. We must place the literary works as a perspective, advice, and respond of author toward their environment.
American’s literatures are catagorized into some kinds according decades as it move from one type into another types. At 19th century for example, the literary movement tend to see the society from dark side that we recognize it later as naturalism. It is the literary movement from romanticism, then changed into realism and finally become naturalism. While realism is seeks only to describe subjects as they really are and focuses on details of everyday existence as an expression of the social milieu of the characters, naturalism also attempts to determine scientifically the underlying forces (eg. The environment or heredity) influencing the action of its subjects.
Naturalistic works often include uncoth or sordid subject matter. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, Naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being to blunt.
This paper will try to look at one of the naturalist in America from one of his works. I choose Stephen Crane to be analyzed since in his short age, because he died in 28 years old, he could write a great and many literary works. In other side he is also a journalist that his works often to cover the reality as a journalist does always presenting facts. So, it is very interesting if we look at crane in his fiction. He has written some fiction like poem and story. One of his story that will be discussed here is ‘A Dark brown dog’. This story seems to be humorous in naturalism.
Summary
The short story I read was " A Dark Brown Dog" By: Stephen Crane. It was about a little boy and a dark brown dog. The boy was outside just kicking his feet around in the gravel and a little dog came up. He held out his hand and the dog came over. When he came over the boy drew back his hand and hit the dog on the head. The dog fell to the ground around the boy's feet as if he had done something wrong. He really didn’t noticed the boy hit him for no reason. Later in the story when the boy was taking the dog home he would turn and strike the dog to make him walk. As they reached the door of the house the boy just drug the dog up the step because he was too short to go from step to step. But the dog just kept holding strong. When they got to the top of the steps they sat down and the boy talked to the dog like he was another person. They got in a vicious fight and the child came out on top. Then he kept dragging the dog up the steps to the door. When they arrived at the door they went up some ore stairs to the boy’s room. The dog and the boy sat down in his floor and became very good friends. the parents of the kid came to the room after they heard the noises the child was making. The dad scolded the child because the dog was in the house. So they examined the dog for anything unusual. Still the father was feeled with anger. The father of the family, it appears, was in a particularly savage temper that evening, and when he perceived that it would amaze and anger everybody if such a dog were allowed to remain, he decided that it should be so. Then the child lived happy after that he nourished the dog back to health. They became very close.
Analysis
This beautifully written, yet sad story tells of a young boy, who lives in a tenement apartment with his lower class family and the dog he finds. Or, rather, the dog finds him. He resists the dog's advances at first, but the dog follows him home anyhow, and eventually wins his affection.
"Down in the mystic, hidden fields of his little dog-soul bloomed flowers of love and fidelity and perfect faith."
The story does not have a happy ending, nor is it very uplifting. What I love about it, though, is the wonderful contrast between Crane's language and the dark subject matter. For instance, there is a scene in which he describes the parents of the little boy arguing. They are low class people: dirty and drunk, in an unkempt tenement apartment. One imagines sepia-toned poverty.
But to describe this scene, Crane writes:
"They had a lurid altercation, in which they damned each other's souls with frequence."
The contrast between the words and the scene they describe only point out all the more how terrible a situation it was for that little boy. In this way, Crane was truly a master of story-telling.
This story seems to very strange that Crane concern with dark subject matter. In this story the concern of dark subject do not be shown as many as it has to be, since the story sometimes is funny that the central character is a dog and a boy. A dog which behaves as if he could do something pleaded the child and it never reject the violence from the child. The dark matter can be seen only through the child’s father that is a drunken and has savage temper. This is common that the family of the child is poor. It is usually a head of poor family become a drunken.
The story is written when Stephen Crane moved to New York around 1890. In the fact Crane comes from wealthy family. Since he lived in New York among the poor he probably saw this kind of family there. As we know the father of many poor family usually is a drunken. So the background of the story is the poor society in New York in around 1890.
The contrary thing is that Crane sees the dark matter from humorous side. From the first story that a child who was alone in the street without parents and friend is fine and did not feel sad.
“the child stood dreamily gazing”
A dog comes and confronting with him. The strange thing happened again that the child did not allow the dog but the dog keep struggle to be with him and pursued him like assassin.
“his manner grew so very guilty that he slunk like an assassin.”
If we pay much attention the child must feel sad because of loneliness in the street, show about loneliness that his parents (father) is a drunken and does not pay attention to him, but in the fact the child seems to be usual in that manner and when the dog comes for becoming a friend, he avoid that. The dog keep pursued he child to his house and act like an assassin is very funny that the dog is underpowered of the child. It is funny as if the dog is struggle and have desire to be a friend with the child, in the fact it is an animal.
Beginning with Maggie, Crane satirized the genteel child, writing a series of tales about Maggie’s young brother, Tommie, including two brilliant ones, an Ominous Baby and a dark Brown Dog, about the savage cunning child. (Martin:1967). This statement state the story satirized the genteel child by the opposite side.
It is true that in the story full of humorous especially the central character, a dog. We can see through:
“After a time, a little dark-brown dog came trotting with an intent air down the sidewalk. A short rope was dragging from his neck. Occasionally he trod upon the end of it and stumbled.”
And the other paragraph;
“ He became so agitated with shame when he again confronted the child that he forgot the dragging rope. He tripped upon it and fell forward.”
The dog is always difficult and feels hard with the rope. As he try to walk he often fells. The funny scene can be seen through his father and mother when coming home, they hold a family council to decide the dog’s fate whether it will live with them or not. It is as if a big problem that the dog come in the house.
Conclusion
• This story is naturalistic works that concern on the reality of poor family and violence toward an animal, a dog.
• The style used is a funny that in seeing the dark matter Crane prefer to use this style in this story. It will make the readers not focusing on pessimism as many naturalists wrote.
• The focus of this story is a dog that seems not to see as much as possible of dark matter, whereas if the concern on the family of a drunken father, it will be clear the naturalism way in the story.
• In naturalism we can find the funny story too.
References:
Baym, Nina. The Norton anthology of American Literature volume 2. 1985. W.W. Norton & Company. New York
Martin, Jay. Harvest of Change; American literature 1865-1914. 1967. Prentice hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs. New jersey
Bassan, Maurice. Stephen Crane; a collection of critical essais. 1967. Prentice hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs. New jersey.
Major American Writers
Study about Naturalism
Introduction
That americans’ writer consist of so many kinds style and theme concern in their writing, it is very interesting to study literary text not only as thing to be enjoyed, but also to see the society of the works. We must place the literary works as a perspective, advice, and respond of author toward their environment.
American’s literatures are catagorized into some kinds according decades as it move from one type into another types. At 19th century for example, the literary movement tend to see the society from dark side that we recognize it later as naturalism. It is the literary movement from romanticism, then changed into realism and finally become naturalism. While realism is seeks only to describe subjects as they really are and focuses on details of everyday existence as an expression of the social milieu of the characters, naturalism also attempts to determine scientifically the underlying forces (eg. The environment or heredity) influencing the action of its subjects.
Naturalistic works often include uncoth or sordid subject matter. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, Naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being to blunt.
This paper will try to look at one of the naturalist in America from one of his works. I choose Stephen Crane to be analyzed since in his short age, because he died in 28 years old, he could write a great and many literary works. In other side he is also a journalist that his works often to cover the reality as a journalist does always presenting facts. So, it is very interesting if we look at crane in his fiction. He has written some fiction like poem and story. One of his story that will be discussed here is ‘A Dark brown dog’. This story seems to be humorous in naturalism.
Summary
The short story I read was " A Dark Brown Dog" By: Stephen Crane. It was about a little boy and a dark brown dog. The boy was outside just kicking his feet around in the gravel and a little dog came up. He held out his hand and the dog came over. When he came over the boy drew back his hand and hit the dog on the head. The dog fell to the ground around the boy's feet as if he had done something wrong. He really didn’t noticed the boy hit him for no reason. Later in the story when the boy was taking the dog home he would turn and strike the dog to make him walk. As they reached the door of the house the boy just drug the dog up the step because he was too short to go from step to step. But the dog just kept holding strong. When they got to the top of the steps they sat down and the boy talked to the dog like he was another person. They got in a vicious fight and the child came out on top. Then he kept dragging the dog up the steps to the door. When they arrived at the door they went up some ore stairs to the boy’s room. The dog and the boy sat down in his floor and became very good friends. the parents of the kid came to the room after they heard the noises the child was making. The dad scolded the child because the dog was in the house. So they examined the dog for anything unusual. Still the father was feeled with anger. The father of the family, it appears, was in a particularly savage temper that evening, and when he perceived that it would amaze and anger everybody if such a dog were allowed to remain, he decided that it should be so. Then the child lived happy after that he nourished the dog back to health. They became very close.
Analysis
This beautifully written, yet sad story tells of a young boy, who lives in a tenement apartment with his lower class family and the dog he finds. Or, rather, the dog finds him. He resists the dog's advances at first, but the dog follows him home anyhow, and eventually wins his affection.
"Down in the mystic, hidden fields of his little dog-soul bloomed flowers of love and fidelity and perfect faith."
The story does not have a happy ending, nor is it very uplifting. What I love about it, though, is the wonderful contrast between Crane's language and the dark subject matter. For instance, there is a scene in which he describes the parents of the little boy arguing. They are low class people: dirty and drunk, in an unkempt tenement apartment. One imagines sepia-toned poverty.
But to describe this scene, Crane writes:
"They had a lurid altercation, in which they damned each other's souls with frequence."
The contrast between the words and the scene they describe only point out all the more how terrible a situation it was for that little boy. In this way, Crane was truly a master of story-telling.
This story seems to very strange that Crane concern with dark subject matter. In this story the concern of dark subject do not be shown as many as it has to be, since the story sometimes is funny that the central character is a dog and a boy. A dog which behaves as if he could do something pleaded the child and it never reject the violence from the child. The dark matter can be seen only through the child’s father that is a drunken and has savage temper. This is common that the family of the child is poor. It is usually a head of poor family become a drunken.
The story is written when Stephen Crane moved to New York around 1890. In the fact Crane comes from wealthy family. Since he lived in New York among the poor he probably saw this kind of family there. As we know the father of many poor family usually is a drunken. So the background of the story is the poor society in New York in around 1890.
The contrary thing is that Crane sees the dark matter from humorous side. From the first story that a child who was alone in the street without parents and friend is fine and did not feel sad.
“the child stood dreamily gazing”
A dog comes and confronting with him. The strange thing happened again that the child did not allow the dog but the dog keep struggle to be with him and pursued him like assassin.
“his manner grew so very guilty that he slunk like an assassin.”
If we pay much attention the child must feel sad because of loneliness in the street, show about loneliness that his parents (father) is a drunken and does not pay attention to him, but in the fact the child seems to be usual in that manner and when the dog comes for becoming a friend, he avoid that. The dog keep pursued he child to his house and act like an assassin is very funny that the dog is underpowered of the child. It is funny as if the dog is struggle and have desire to be a friend with the child, in the fact it is an animal.
Beginning with Maggie, Crane satirized the genteel child, writing a series of tales about Maggie’s young brother, Tommie, including two brilliant ones, an Ominous Baby and a dark Brown Dog, about the savage cunning child. (Martin:1967). This statement state the story satirized the genteel child by the opposite side.
It is true that in the story full of humorous especially the central character, a dog. We can see through:
“After a time, a little dark-brown dog came trotting with an intent air down the sidewalk. A short rope was dragging from his neck. Occasionally he trod upon the end of it and stumbled.”
And the other paragraph;
“ He became so agitated with shame when he again confronted the child that he forgot the dragging rope. He tripped upon it and fell forward.”
The dog is always difficult and feels hard with the rope. As he try to walk he often fells. The funny scene can be seen through his father and mother when coming home, they hold a family council to decide the dog’s fate whether it will live with them or not. It is as if a big problem that the dog come in the house.
Conclusion
• This story is naturalistic works that concern on the reality of poor family and violence toward an animal, a dog.
• The style used is a funny that in seeing the dark matter Crane prefer to use this style in this story. It will make the readers not focusing on pessimism as many naturalists wrote.
• The focus of this story is a dog that seems not to see as much as possible of dark matter, whereas if the concern on the family of a drunken father, it will be clear the naturalism way in the story.
• In naturalism we can find the funny story too.
References:
Baym, Nina. The Norton anthology of American Literature volume 2. 1985. W.W. Norton & Company. New York
Martin, Jay. Harvest of Change; American literature 1865-1914. 1967. Prentice hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs. New jersey
Bassan, Maurice. Stephen Crane; a collection of critical essais. 1967. Prentice hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs. New jersey.
Major American Writers
Rabu, 31 Maret 2010
poem analysis
THE MODEL OF GOOD LEADER AS REFLECTED IN VICTOR ANTONIO’S
“THE TRUE LEADERSHIP TREASURE”
by
Zubaidi
2250407016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY (UNNES)
2009
The True Leadership Treasure
I went on search to be a leader,
Searching high and low above the meter,
I spoke with authority that I remember,
All would follow, all but one member,
“Why should I trust you?’ the one did ask,
“What have you done to achieve the task?”
I thought long and hard of what I did wrong,
Then I rolled up my sleeves and worked right along,
Shoulder to shoulder we got things done,
We worked side by side, all were one,
A mate of mine stumbled, I stooped to assist,
My hand he did grab, a smile did persist,
One was lost, didn’t know what to do,
I showed him how, the ropes, something new
I praised them one and all for their work,
All were unique, but I encouraged each quirk,
When the task was done, one did shout
“You’re a great leader!” they all turned about,
"Without you there to support our plight,
Lost would we be with no end in sight",
I learned that day that I lead best,
When I get off my butt and help the rest,
To lead by example is the true treasure,
The secret of leadership, in one simple measure.
Victor Antonio G., December 2004
THE MODEL OF GOOD LEADER AS REFLECTED IN VICTOR ANTONIO’S
“THE TRUE LEADERSHIP TREASURE”
A. Introduction
Leadership is really important in every society. A leader must take effort to be the first man who pays attention to the society he leads and knows what his society want. It is stated that Leadership is the “process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task”. While Alan Keith of Genentech states that, "Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen (www.wikipedia.com/leadership)
It is an interesting way if we discuss about leader, because in this era many people are not sure with their leader. There was a crisis of trust of a leader. So there must a model of a good leader in order to people will trust and able to run the society as good as possible. This paper will concern with some theories which related to leadership especially about the criteria of good leader. So, we will be able to take some advantages to make ourselves to become the next leader.
This analysis will focus on Javanese culture and Islamic point of view to explain about a leader because the Javanese culture has correlation with islam because in spreading islam in java, the previous people like Walisongo use culture as a way to get people attention. So, there must be a unity between islam and Javanese culture.
B. An Ideal Leader as many people hope
This paper focuses on some concepts of Javanese culture. This is intended because we are as Javanese will compare it with Antonio’s ‘The True Leadership Treasure’.
I went on search to be a leader
The line of the poem shows that leader is made not be born. It means that no one is born to be a leader. Someone become a leader because he has prepared it before. He believes that leader is a process to have the capacity, competence, and authority.
I spoke with authority….
One of the criteria of a leader is he spoke with authority. If he speaks, all of people will hear and obey him. This authority is gained by process for long time, not instantly. So, there is a relation with the first line that a leader should have a process. The process can be done by becoming a part of society so that he knows what the society face is. Then he will able to classify about the society itself. In Javanese culture in serat wulangreh by Paku Buwono IV stated that aja lonyo lemer genjah, angrong pasanakan nyumur gumiling ambuntut arit puniku, watekan tan raharjo, pan wong lonyo ora kena dipun etut, monyar-manyir tan antepan dene lemeran puniki (sebagai seorang pemimpin hendaknya tidak lonyo, artinya seorang pemimpin yang tidak dapat dituruti, ragu-ragu tidak dapat mengambil keputusan, serta pendirian yang tidak tetap. Lemeran artinya pemimpin yang tidak mantap akan pekerjaannya, tidak au belajar bertanggug jawab) (tim puspar UGM 2004).
A leader must have authority means that he has an authority to be obeyed by his people.
I thought long and hard of what I did wrong,
Then I rolled up my sleeves and worked right along,
Shoulder to shoulder we got things done,
We worked side by side, all were one,
A mate of mine stumbled, I stooped to assist,
My hand he did grab, a smile did persist,
The speaker shows that one of the most behaviours of a leader is thinking. He must always think about everything relates to the society. Even, some people stated that a leader must able to think twice or more to the future. It is a must because as a leader he will know what to do and to make people contribute to gain the aid of the society. In the other hand the task of a leader is not only to think, but also to do the job. It is possible for him to join his people as a model. It is stated in line
Then I rolled up my sleeves and worked right along,
Which means a leader must position his self as a model in doing a job. This behaviour enables his people to admire him as the first man who not only give order but also can do a job by his self.
It is like Javanese people principal which says “ing ngarsa sung tuladha, ing madya mangun karsa, tut wuri handayani”.
One was lost, didn’t know what to do,
I showed him how, the ropes, something new
This stanza have correlation with the previous line. It shows that when a leader can join his people in doing the job, he will know what kind of people he leads and he will able to help the people who is in trouble.
I praised them one and all for their work,
All were unique, but I encouraged each quirk,
When the task was done, one did shout
“You’re a great leader!” they all turned about,
The good leader has to appreciate his people who can do his job well. It is a kind of reward for them. In the other hand the reward will help the leader to motivate the man who does the job and also to motivate the other so that they will try to finish their job as well as possible. It is suitable with what has been stated in Javanese culture that a leader must have behavior as hambeging surya and hambeging candra. These mean that a leader have to motivate his people and can make his people happy.
I learned that day that I lead best,
When I get off my butt and help the rest,
To lead by example is the true treasure,
The secret of leadership, in one simple measure.
In both of the last stanzas the writer emphasize that he learn about leading people with some of the behavior of a good leader. It said that he lead best. It means that if a leader can do such of those behaviors it will possible for him to manage and run the society well and able to gain the aim of the society.
C. Conclusion
This poem is concerning with the behavior which must be owned by a leader. The title “The True Leadership Treasure” emphasize to people who wants to be a leader to have preparation, prepare his self with competency and capacity owned by a leader. The preparation can be gained by having those treasure which has been mentioned in the poem. Then when there is someone who asks must a leader has the treasure? The answer is yes. Because a leader must be obey after the God and his messenger. Like in holy Koran stated.
This poem is also called as an idea because most of the treasure is the idea or concept which people believe in best leading. It is stated that a poem position as idea (Stewart 1969). So, the poem consists of some ideas and treasure for people who are in process of preparing his self to be a good leader. If he wants to lead well it is a mu8st for him to have those competency.
References:
Wawasan budaya untuk pembangunan menoleh kearifan local, 2004.Kementrian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.
analisis
ZUBAIDI
2250407016
Prose Analysis, Thursday 7 am.
The Analysis of Novel entitled “MOONDIAL” by Helen Cresswell
PLOT
Introduction
Minty was aware that she was a witch or have sixth sense. In Summer holidays Kate (her mother) decided to sent Minty to stay with her old friend, aunt Mary. They live in opposite of Belton’s house which has a statue of sundial in its garden.
She could feel strange thing in the garden, feel cold air pass her.
Point of Attack
When her mother come back from the village, she had accident which turn her to stay in hospital. She is in comma.
Complication
Minty became cold and sick after knew the accident. Then she wanted to go to hospital.
Her aunt said that tomorrow they will go with mr. Benson. He often came to minty’s house and played computer games with her.
Complication II
Minty went to Belton house. She met mr. world, a gate keeper. He said that he often heard children crying and Minty was coming to help them, but Minty didn’t understand it.
Complication III
She went in the garden and suddenly she was in another place with different time. She met Tom, a boy from different time, some years ago. He is a ghost. She became his friend. Then, there was a man called tom, he come toward him. He hit Tom, Minty come to them and tried to stop. She hiot thye man, but both Tom and the man disappeared.
Complication IV
Mintry come to the house again and met a girl called the devil, she is sarah. Many of other ghost were afaraid with her. But the girl was afraid with Minty.
Complication V
Tom told minty about the girl. That she is fromm different time with him. So, three person were come from different time but meet each other. They agreed to help sarah, because all ghost really afraid with her and call her the devil’s child.
Complication VI
When minty in hospital she told the doctor to make recorder for her mother so thet she can hear a story of minty from headphone. The doctor agreed.
When she come house, her aunt said that Miss Raven, an investigator and had written a story about ghost will stay with them. Minty becamne afraid with Tom and sarah.
Complication VII
Minty told tom about miss raven. Then she and tom agreed to help Sarah, but sarah were afraid with them. Because She thought they will be afraid of her face with birthmarh which the other called her the devil’s child.
Climax
Tom and Minty promise to help Sarah and will meet in the night. Then they saw Sarah standing alone then there were many people with mask around Sarah. Sarah was afraid, screamed and run. Minty and tom hold her. And the devil will come at the midnight.
Resolution
Minty told her to go back to the pool and drop the lamp to into the water. When the clock begins to sound at twelve hours midnight, so that they shut their eyes and not to open. Because if they open, the devil will get them.
Sarah look at mirror and see the beautiful face of hers. She is not a devil anymore. Then Tom find Dorrie. The game was over. They are not trapped again in the time.
Characters
- major characters:
· Minty Cane
A girl having sixth sense
Quotation: “Minty Cane had known she was a witch, or something like it, since she was small. She had woken at night to see shadowy people moving silently across the floor of her room” (page 2)
- Brave girl
After she feel that there was something in Belton’s house, she always went there to investigate.
A curious girl
“ I wanted to ask you, do you know anything about that moon-sundial?” (page 42)
- Friendly and kind
When she met tom she then make a friendship with him.
Page 12
(we’re both real!Minty said softly. ‘what’s your name?)
- Smart
Page 23
(And at that moment Minty had the idea. She moved nearer to he mother, and began to whisper.
“Mum, I’m going to tell you a story………………………)
Then Minty explain her idea to make recorder for his voice telling a story. The doctor said that was wonderful. Her mother will listen through headphone and listen the only one voice she wanted to hear.
- Obedient girl
Page 26
Then aunt Mary called and Minty went to help her get Miss Raven’s room ready.
· Tom
- He is sick and thin
Page 13
He pulled his thin body up straight and tall, but then began to cough painfully
- A boy about twelve
Page 13
‘How old are you?’ Asked minty.
‘Don’t know. About twelve. I suppose, he answered.
- friendly
page 12
what’s your name?
Tom, he said. Short for Edward.
- a ghost
page 13
She found herself hitting the empty air! The man and Tom had disappeared.
- care
page 13
I miss little Dorrie. She is seven or eight, and when I am a footman I’ll bring her here.
· Sarah
- Afraid
Minor Characters
Aunt Mary
- Kind
(page 30) you have grown, she told Minty, then said to kate, ‘She will have the same room that you always had.
- Well treating person
(page 6) go over the house, then. See if World is there, at the lodge. He likes children.
Kate
- Good mother
World
- Good person and very kind he likes children
Miss Raven
- Mysterious woman
Mr Benson
- Care to Kate and Minty
· Setting
(Place)
- Aunt Mary’s house
(Page 3) they went upstair and Kate helped Minty to unpack her suitcase. Then they came down for the lunch that Aunt Mary had cooked for them.
- The church
(Page 4) She was near a corner of the church and she look up at the trees.
- The garden of Belton house
(page 10) “The garden” She said
- Belton house
(page 15) later that afternoon, Minty went to see inside Belton house.
- Hospital
(page 15) And she run out of the room, through the hospital and out to the car without stopping.
- The kitchen of Belton house
(page 21) the kitchen was full of people…..
- Gravestone
(page 25) she was standing near a small gravestone
- Breakfast room
(page 37) this is the breakfast room….
- Curch yard
(page 56) then she went on to the churchyard…..
- Bedroom
(page 39) they were in bedroom….
· Time
- On summer
(page 2) so for the summer holidays she decided that Minty should go to the village of Belton….
- On July afternoon
(page 3) the July afternoon was hot and still,…..
- In the morning
(page 8) “ Mr Benson will take us to the hospital this afternoon” Aunt Mary told her at breakfast the next morning.
- In the afternoon
(page 15) later that afternoon, Minty went to see inside Belton house.
- At night
(page 16) Dark! It was night!
- In the afternoon
(page 24) Minty went back to the gardens that afternoon…
- Half past eleven
(page 27) at half past eleven she got up…
- After lunch
(Page 32) so after lunch minty had to take Miss Raven to the garden.
- Tea time in the afternoon
(page 34) During tea that afternoon Minty ate silently.
Point of view
This novel uses third person point of view because the writer’s position is only tell the story and rarely refer to her.
Theme
The theme of the story is adventure. The adventure of a girl who has sixth sense and involved with ghost who has problem trapping in sundial.
Symbols
Moon-sundial
This symbol refers to Greek names, Chronos and Eros.Chronos means time. While Eros is love. That was a fight between time and love. Tom who love his sister will win the battle fighting time. When the time come he will win and the time come with Minty’s coming. Tom will free from trapping in that time.
The extrinsic side
Biographical side,
This story is related with Belton house, a national trust house and garden in Lincolnshire which can be visited by the public. The idea in writing is from the place. This is a children’s story. We know that Helen Cresswell started writing in the age of seven, so, it influenced her to write about children.
new
Siapakah dia, yang berkata aku anak
Kulihat sosoknya, tak ada yang beda
Tangannya juga dua, kakinya dua bahkan ekor juga dia tak punya
Tapi orang bilang dia anak
Aku dekati dan bicara
Sama saja
Bahkan tak lebih sekedar badan tanpa ada kata terselip mutiara
Kukira dia bias apa yang melebihi aku orang desa
Tapi apa kata orang
Bahkan lebih gila yang
Kotaku di penghujung millennium
Berisi orang-orang berlabel
Tapi hanya label belaka
Tanpa nada, tanpa apa, hanya adanya
Kata orang modern itu anak
Kata orang terpelajar mereka lebih maju
Maju apanya? Aku terikkan ke daun telinga mereka biar
Mereka tahu dan sadar
Kalau
Orang dengan bangga menyebut
Tapi bernyali saja tak punya
Nyali untuk diri
Berkata pada negeri
Ini aku
Yang akan membangun mu negeriku
Bukan hanya melihat tanpa sedikitpun iba
Kalu
Bukannya seharusnya
Bukannya desa lebih tertinggal
Nyatanya tidak
Desaku lebih jaya dengan pemuda yang punya nyali membangun nrgeri
Modern tradisional tak ada beda
Yang ada hanya sekumpulan manusia
Manusia yang bias
Atau yang bisa
berkarya
puisi umtuk generasi terpuji
BangsaMu
Nasional nak! Junjunglah ia
Kamu itu punya bangsa
Bangsa yang aneh, lain
Bahkan tak masuk akal
Itu sebuah keajaiban
Di barat, ujung timur
Sepanjang garis pantai
Budaya kita tak terhitung
Bahasa banyak
Suku-warna kulit
Bangsamu nak
Indonesia-Jagalah ia
Negeri Impian
Ini itu negeri apa
Di sini orang menangis, beberapa Cuma bisa ngobrol
Rumah-gubug
Pakaian-lawas
Sepatu-nyakar
Tapi mereka bahagia
Aku tidur di jalanan
Bersama merek aku nyaman
Itu ini negeri apa
Di sana orang tawa-diumbar
Cekcok-rapat
Tak setuju-tak enak di aku
Mobil-panas-kurang
Rumah-mewah
Tidur-hotel
Semua ada
Lebih baik aku mati sajajika
Harus bersama mereka
Negeriku yang malang
Negeriku negeri impian
Karena kami masih bisa punya mimpi
Menanti negeri
Dengan anak negeri berani mati
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